An Unprecedented Look at Stuxnet the World’s First Digital Weapon

My recent book, The Universal Machine, opens its chapter on hacking with the deployment of the Stuxnet computer virus. Allegedly created by Israel and US intelligence services to target Irans nuclear bomb programme it was the worlds first state against state digital weapon. With North Korea now being accused of hacking Sony perhaps its time to revisit this story. Wired has recently published an excerpt from a new book on Stuxnet - recommended reading.



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How a Victorian mathematics don became a digital pioneer

"With a steely glare, a starched collar and a pair of truly prodigious sideburns, he is the digital pioneer you have almost certainly never heard of. Now, 200 years after his birth, George Boole is finally to get the acclaim he deserves." So begins a recent article in The Guardian. Well of course, if youre a computer scientist, you almost certainly have heard of George Boole; he after all was the creator of Boolean logic. However, thats probably all you know so there will be much about him that youre not aware of. As with Charles Babbage, Ada Lovelace, and of course Alan Turing its good to see these formerly obscure digital pioneers getting the public recognition they so deserve. Perhaps as our society becomes more and more dependent on computers were starting to realise that these people are every bit as important as Galileo, Newton, Darwin, Faraday,...

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Learning Digital Skills online with Google Activate

Posted by Michel Benard, University Relations Manager and Cova Soto, Product Marketing Manager, Business Marketing Madrid

According to Eurostat data, over 5 million people under age 25 are currently out of work in Europe, in contrast to an increasing demand for people with digital skills such as Digital Marketing, Big Data, Ecommerce, Mobile App Development and Cloud Computing. In particular, Spanish employers are finding it difficult to find individuals with the right skills, due to the lack of the digital education available.

In an effort to make contributions towards solving Spain’s unemployment in this sector, Google Spain, the Spanish Ministry of Industry through their business school EOI, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB) are collaborating to build Google Activate, a series of massive open online courses (MOOCs) dedicated to teach digital skills to the young unemployed people in Spain. This is an example of how online education can be scaled to address educational and economic issues.

The inspiration for Google Activate began with the summer 2012 launch of Course Builder, an experimental platform developed on Google technologies designed to provide the capability for anyone to create an online environment that can be used for a wide variety of education-related activities. In September of that same year, Course Builder was made available in Europe, as part of the Google Faculty Summit in London.

Among the early adopters of Course Builder in Europe was a partnership that included the University of Alicante, who in October 2012 launched Unimooc Aemprende, a MOOC for entrepreneurs. This is just one example of the use of Course Builder to build a MOOC designed to solve a broad problem, in this case the acquisition of skills for launching a small business. More than 30,000 people have participated in Unimooc since its launch.

As of today, more than 148,000 people have registered for Activate with 13% of participants earning a certificate, which is obtained after 13 exams certified by either the EOI, Universidad Complutense de Madrid or or the IAB (Interactive Advertising Bureau). Such certificates are being used by the awardees in their LinkedIn profile to position themselves for a job in the digital economy, where many jobs are being created. More than 19,000 students are already certified in one of the 5 digital areas.

Google Activate has plans to increase the number of students with digital skills reaching 160,000 with plans to expand further to other countries in the world.

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Stuxnet the first digital weapon

Radio New Zealand National had a great interview with Kim Zetter who has written a book about Stuxnet, the worlds first digital weapon. You can listen to the interview here or read about Stuxnet in chapter 12 of my book The Universal Machine. Its certainly true that quietly over the last few years we have crossed into a new age where cyberwar is now a reality.

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An experiment in digital citizenry

You may already conduct a lot of your life online, but few countries have totally embraced the concept of online citizenship. the small European country of Estonia has been conducting an interesting experiment making all their population "e-Residents". The Register has just published an interesting article on its reach and impact. This was brought to my attention by my colleague Mark Wilson.

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Paper to Digital in 200 languages

Posted by Dmitriy Genzel and Ashok Popat, Research Scientists and Dhyanesh Narayanan, Product Manager

Many of the world’s important sources of information - books, newspapers, magazines, pamphlets, and historical documents - are not digital. Unlike digital documents, these paper-based sources of information are difficult to search through or edit, or worse, completely inaccessible to some people. Part of the solution is scanning, getting a digital image of the page, but raw image pixels aren’t yet recognized as textual content from the computer’s point of view.

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology aims to turn pictures of text into computer text that can be indexed, searched, and edited. For some time, Google Drive has provided OCR capabilities. Recently, we expanded this state-of-the-art technology to support all of the world’s major languages - that’s over 200 languages in more than 25 writing systems. This technology is available to users in 2 easy steps:

1. Upload a scanned document in its current form (say, as an image or PDF). The example below shows a scanned document in Hindi uploaded to a user’s Drive account as a PNG.

2. Right-click on the document in the Drive interface, and select ‘Open with’ -> ‘Google Docs’.

This opens a Google document with the original image followed by the extracted text.

You don’t even need to specify which language the document is in; the system will determine that automatically. Or, you can use the Google Drive API for more explicit control over the language detection in documents. For example, here is an invocation of the Drive API in Python:

The OCR capability in Drive is also available in the Drive App for Android.

To make this possible, engineering teams across Google pursued an approach to OCR focused on broad language coverage, with a goal of designing an architecture that could potentially work with all existing languages and writing systems. We do this in part by using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) to make sense of the input as a whole sequence, rather than first trying to break it apart into pieces. This is similar to how modern speech recognition systems recognize audio input.

OCR and speech recognition share some challenges - like dealing with background “noise,” different languages, and low-quality inputs. But some challenges are specific to OCR: the variety of typefaces, the different types of scanners and cameras, and the need to work on older material that may contain archaic orthographic and linguistic elements. In addition to utilizing HMMs, we leveraged many of the same technologies used in the Google Handwriting Input app to allow automatic learning of features and to give preference to more likely output, as well as minimum-error-rate training to allow effective combination of multiple sources of information, and modern methods in machine learning to minimize manual design and maximize use of data. We also take advantage of advances in internationalization and typesetting, by using synthetic data in our training.

Currently, the OCR works best on cleanly scanned, high-resolution documents in the most commonly used typefaces. We are working to improve performance on poor quality scans and challenging text layouts. Give it a try and let us know how it works for you.

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A PPT Presentation on Digital Cash e Commerce

Hey friends!!!
Again back with another ppt on Digital Cash submitted by Jamsheer Kutty of KC College, Mumbai.
Nice topic and Nice content. Download and enjoy!!!

Few Points which are covered in this PPT are as fallows:

• What is E-commerce ?
• What is Digital Cash ?
• Relation between e commerce and digital cash
• Key Properties of Digital Cash
• Digital cash VS Credit Card
• The Online Model
• Pros And Cons of the online model
• The Offline Model
• Pros And Cons of the offline model
• Traceable Signature Protocol and it’s problem
• A typical coin
• How can we catch the user
• Reusability
• Advantages
• Global disadvantages
• Legal Issues with Digital cash

Submitted by : Jamsheer Kutty
College : KC College, Mumbai

Team Members :

• Jamsheer kutty
• Satyam Dwivedi
• Gaurav Sharma
• Ganesh Balraj

Download the presentation file below:

• digital_cash_ecommerce_ppt.zip

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Tips On How To Scan Photos To Digital

By Dawn Williams

If you have pictures that came from back when cameras do not store images in memory cards, you would always want to get these items kept and preserved. They are old photos, memories of times past. If you want to make sure that they are going to stay forever, you have the choice to actually scan photos to digital.

With all the available choices that people have these days, the preservation of these kinds of photographs has become somewhat easier. Thanks to the presence of new technology, the number of equipment that people can actually use for this purpose has increased. He just has to make sure that he will be able to opt for the right choice in the end that should give him the best possible results.

Consider when you are going to have this task done. You need assurance that you can set this on days when you do no have that much to do, actually. The task will take a considerable amount of time to get finished you would not want it to be otherwise. After all, you are trig to preserve these photographs. So, scanning them properly and with care should be your priority.

Invest on a good scanner. It is a good thing that these equipment are everywhere these days. You should not find it hard to look for one, the only challenging stuff that you might encounter though when shopping for such stuff is to determine which one would be right for you. Go for high quality ones if you are aiming at getting the best results.

Consider the reviews that these devices have been getting these days too. You want to get the feedback coming form people who have personally tried and used them in the past. They should be able to give you some helpful ideas on what equipment to focus on wand which are the ones that you should try to avoid. These reviews should help make the whole buying experience a lot easier for you to do.

Be sure to consider the ease in which this device can be operated at as well. You definitely have to find that equipment that should help make it easier for you to do the scanning procures. Remember, your goals here is to find something that is of excellent quality, is not that complicated to operate, and at the same time, allows you to get really good scanned results too.

Know how to set the right settings in order for you to successfully maximize the use of these devices. Always take the time to read the manual too. They offer you a better insight on how you can actually use the device more effectively and produce the results you expect to produce. Also, if you want to play it safe, choose the auto mode option.

When you do scan photos to digital, make sure that you are able to get the task done right. Choose the right resolution. Clean up the old photograph well. Dust off dirt and other debris attached to it. This way, you get the best results at the end of the day.

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Western Digital Introduces My Passport Essential Colors

Just in time to make a perfect gift for Mother’s Day, Western Digital today introduced 10 fresh new colors for its My Passport Essential Portable USB Drives. Weighing in at less than 5 ounces, My Passport Essential USB Drives put almost a third of a terabyte of digital storage in the palm of your hand and are available now at select retailers in 160GB ($119.99), 250 GB ($149.99) and 320 GB ($179.99) capacities .

My Passport Essential Drives are simple to use, light and easy to carry, and require no power adapter -- they are powered directly through the USB cable. Equipped with sync and encryption software for easy file transfer, the mega-capacity of the My Passport Essential Portable USB Drive makes it simple to securely carry thousands of songs, videos or photos. "Our striking new color selection gives our customers an opportunity to express their unique style, while securely storing and carrying the massive amounts of rich content generated by higher resolution cameras, HD videos and music," said Jim Welsh, vice president and general manager of WD’s branded products and consumer electronics groups.

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Western Digital Announces 2 5 inch WD VelociRaptor Hard Drive for Enterprise Users

Western Digital Announces 2.5-inch WD VelociRaptor Hard Drive for Enterprise Users

Western Digital announced today the WD VelociRaptor 10,000 RPM enterprise SATA hard drives in an enterprise-class 2.5-inch form factor for blade servers and 1U and 2U rack servers. The newest WD VelociRaptor hard drive is built for business-critical applications with enterprise-class mechanics and packs up to 300 GB of capacity into the enterprise small form factor bays, while consuming 35 percent less power than the previous-generation WD Raptor drive. I reviewed the VelociRaptor back in April and found it to be a great drive, so be sure to check out if you havent already.

“WD is bringing to enterprise customers what PC enthusiasts already appreciate about the WD VelociRaptor: a combination of high performance and high capacity for hard drive storage,” said John Rydning, IDCs research director for hard disk drives. “WDs new WD VelociRaptor, designed specifically for the enterprise in an energy efficient 2.5-inch form factor, gives system OEMs and end users a new storage option to consider to meet growing storage requirements.”

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